classification
Tumor
Side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs Chemotherapeutic drugs directly act on the vomiting center through blood circulation to produce serotonin, dopamine and other emetic neurotransmitters. These transmitters combine with brain chemoreceptors to cause nausea and vomiting. Its severity varies with individual differences in drug resistance, mental type, drug toxicity, and drug dosage.
The main method of pain medication to control cancer pain is medication. However, opioids can stimulate the brain's central chemoreceptors to cause nausea and vomiting due to delayed gastric emptying. When chemotherapy and non-drug causes are ruled out, oral vitamin B6, domperidone, metoclopramide, etc. are given.
Contextual factors
1) Unhealthy psychological factors. Patients with different social and cultural backgrounds and different personality characteristics have different perceptions of cancer. Some patients have neuroendocrine and metabolic dysfunction, nausea, vomiting, and insomnia due to excessive anxiety, fear, and stimulation of high-level nerve activity centers.
2) Poor environmental conditions such as oily smoke, vomit, excrement, tumor necrotic tissue, etc. can induce or aggravate vomiting. The bed should be adjusted reasonably to create a quiet, tidy and comfortable treatment environment for patients. Cover the wound and stoma as much as possible and keep it clean. When vomiting, turn your head to one side. Prepare an opaque container and dispose of it in time. Change your clothes and make up your bed. Rinse your mouth immediately after vomiting to keep your mouth clean.
Radiotherapy Radiotherapy kills tumor cells and also damages normal tissues to varying degrees, such as nausea, vomiting, and fatigue. After radiotherapy, the patient should be instructed to drink more water or infusion to increase urine output, and quickly discharge toxins from the body to reduce the reaction.
Digestive tract obstruction
Cancer patients with internal environmental disorders have repeated and severe vomiting due to chemotherapy, gastrointestinal obstruction, abnormal changes in the body's metabolism, etc., resulting in the loss of water electrolytes and nutrients, and complications such as weight loss, hypokalemia, and acidosis.
Intracranial hypertension and vomiting are accompanied by dizziness, headache, blurred vision, and elevated blood pressure. The effect of antiemetics is not obvious. It should be considered whether there is metastatic brain tumor with cerebral edema or cranial edema caused by reactive cerebral edema after γ-knife treatment. Internal hypertension should be closely observed for changes in consciousness, pupils and vital signs.
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